History
The now disbanded Netherlands Antilles group, of which Curaçao was the largest and most prosperous, was first encountered by Europeans in 1499, when Alonso de Ojmeda – one of Columbus’ lieutenants – reached the island. It was settled by the Spanish, in the early 1500s, who retained possession until the Dutch East India Company seized it in 1634.
Thousands of slaves were then imported to provide labour for the island group’s plantation agricultural schemes. In the early 19th century, persistent attacks by the British and French destabilised the island for a while; at one point it was even leased to a New York merchant.
By 1816, the Dutch had reasserted control and introduced further plantations. The abolition of slavery in 1863 set off a long period of economic decline, relieved in 1916, by the opening of an oil refinery.
Oil-related industries became the mainstay of a booming economy until the 1980s. On the back of this, Curaçao became the most prosperous of the Netherlands Antilles.
Recent domestic politics have been dominated by the struggle between four main parties: the Frente Obrero Liberashon (FOL, Workers’ Liberation Front); the Partido Laboral Krusada Popular (PLKP, Labour Party People’s Crusade), both of which are left-liberal; the conservative Partido Nashional di Pueblo (PNP, National People’s Party), and the centrist Partido Antia Restruktura (PAR, Party for the Reconstructed Antilles) based on Curaçao. Island rivalries are at least as important as ideological ones in Netherlands Antilles politics.
The 2002 returned no party with more than five seats (out of 22) in the Staten. The government became a six-party coalition led by the FOL, under the premiership of Mirna Louisa-Godett. Of the main parties, only the PAR, still led by the veteran politician and former premier Miguel Fournier, was excluded.
Curaçao and St Maarten were granted autonomy as part of the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles on 10 October 2010, making the islands constituent states within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
